The Coast Guard began maintaining the country's aids to maritime navigation, including lighthouses, when President Franklin Roosevelt ordered the transfer of the Lighthouse Service to the Coast Guard in In Congress permanently transferred the Commerce Department's Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation to the Coast Guard, thereby placing merchant marine licensing and merchant vessel safety under its purview.

Albert Pictured are buttons from the various services that eventually became part of the US Coast Guard.

Uniform Buttons

Note too how the eagle on the Coast Guard buttons at the bottom changed from facing left to facing right at the same time as with the US Navy in The screw shank can be removed, and the button reversed, to become an ordinary black-faced button for civilian dress, or attached as shown, to turn that coat into a uniform. Albert Examples are shown below for: The eagle appeared on many of the general staff buttons, but not on the Confederate general service nor the letter buttons. Albert Pictured below are some examples of Union left column and Confederate buttons right column.

Ever wonder what a backmark might look like from the inside? Pictured below is the back of a button dug near Antietam, so badly corroded that the face of the button disintegrated when it was dug, exposing the inside of the back that was protected all those years.

US Military Uniform Buttons Interesting Facts

The other button is referred to as a 2-piece button, the back, and the front which is made so that it wraps around the outer edges of the back. There are some very desirable Southern Civil War era school buttons. During the Civil War, some of the cadets and professors from some of these military schools picked up arms and fought alongside the Union or Confederate soldiers during battle. Shown below are rare buttons from two North Carolina military schools during the Civil War.

A large number of state organizations wore unique buttons representing their regiment. Pictured below are some examples: Pictured are some examples: Ordnance Corps; Signal Corps; Engineers source: Pictured are some examples of some of these organizations: They actually never made a button, they had them made for them like William Wallis. From he was working again as John Spencer at 7 St.

The firm was not listed after Unlisted English Button maker: One-piece buttons back marked with the name: This is a new unlisted Birmingham English Button-Maker. So, I decided to pin down who this maker was. I would expect to find these buttons excavated at early sites on the US East Coast. Based upon construction, I believe the buttons I have found date between Reference for the founding date is; English gunmakers- The Birmingham and provincial gun trade in the 18th and 19th Century, pg. Nie, Arms and Armour Press, References for the Birmingham Directory Listings: Lxxxii, By Edward Baines.

Pictured above and below are five fine gilt buttons made 16 August in Birmingham England by Button-maker Thomas Green. There were 24 buttons each, arranged on 4 folding pages. All of the buttons were flat gilts, with brazed Alpha-Shanks. None of the buttons were cast or die stamped, all were formed by a combination of chasing, engraving and the use of various punches. A mix of different colors or shades of gold, silver and gunmetal were used to finish the buttons. All were in untouched condition.

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She was a wealthy collector of Antiques and also had an interest in buttons. The Joseph Green Button case of was mentioned in an article in the October National Button Bulletin, regarding the opening of the Margaret Woodbury Stong Museum, per the bequest in her will of all of her Antiques over , items and an endowment of many millions of dollars to build and operate the museum.

Uniform Buttons

At some point, probably in , the Museum board may have decided to deaccession items that were not within the scope of the collection and mission of the Museum. The second auction in November featured 48 buttons and the sample case itself, a very advanced Collector-Dealer, Name withheld for Privacy -Collector 1 purchased a majority of the buttons and the case. It appears from the directory listings showing Thomas and Joseph Green co-located at the same business address, that they were related Probably brothers.

Joseph Green, Merchant, continues in Directory listings to Joseph Green died at Dalbury, in Derbyshire, on January 28th, For those interested, and who have access to the National Button Society Digital Archives, there is an Article in the September National Button Bulleting, with a description of the Card and buttons as well as black and white lower resolution pictures of each page of the sample book.

Chocolate brown base metal with remnants of Gold gilding on the face in a Basket Pattern, the basket pattern resembles a checkerboard and it appears that alternate squares have been darkened to highlight the pattern. This is an excavated button; recovery site is undetermined. The button has been significantly been deteriorated by ground action. Button blank is 25mm in diameter, thickness of the blank is 1. Blank is Copper Gilding Metal, early alpha braised shank, shank wire is hand drawn half-round, and appears to be copper.

Face bears a raised design of a Basket pattern, some Gold gilding remains, pattern features a basket pattern of lined squares with alternate squares intentionally darkened for contrast. A spectacular impression of an early type eagle graces the back of the button. Although this button bears a split die seam, it is not a Re-used button.

I believe that this particular button was manufactured before the Metal button Act of , as after the act similar buttons by the same maker bear standard marks. Most buttons supplied to the American Civil War were Naval. Ethelbert Halfmann was a clothier operating from Montgomery Alabama before the war, buttons were supplied by Scovill.

Henry C Harper operated Philadeplphia late 19th century. Horstmann companies , Philadephhia was a major manufacturer of uniforms and other equipment. The buttons were subcontracted with many of the other button manufacturers. Imperial Orange Gilt , generic or trademark, manufacturer not determined. Imperial Quality , generic or trademark, manufacturer not determined.

Civil War Buttons

Imperial Rich Gilt , generic or trademark, manufacturer not determined. Imperial Standard , generic or trademark, manufacturer not determined. Independent Cadets , Vermont militia unit, Artillery. Jansen, Rotterdam , Buttons were probably produced in England and smuggled through the blockade. Charles Jennens was a button maker operating in London England in the 19th century. Most buttons produced by this maker were non military. Ives and Kendrick operated Waterville Connecticut to Kent Paine was an outfitter supply uniforms to Virginia and North Carolina.

Their buttons were made by Scovill.

Leavenworth operated various partnerships, to E M Lewis started out as a stencil maker in Richmond Va, then sold buttons during the war. Tomes then operated under various names and making a variety of military goods through the Civil War. Columbus, Ohio , manufactured 's or later.

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London Double Plated , generic or trademark, manufacturer not determined. London Quality , buttons were produced by John Chatwin for the Confederacy, a small English manufacturer.

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Loud, London , English manufacturer. Joseph Mann was English producer operating Birmingham to Nathan S Meyer operated New York from 's to 20th century. Miller produced buttons during the Civil War operating out of Houston Texas, manufacture is cast and crude. William G Mintzer , Philadelphia, sold buttons to both north and south before the war and continued after the war until approximately Some of the buttons bear the date "".

Mitchell and Tyler operated in Richmond Va as an outfitter from Most of their buttons were made by Scovill. Oak Hall Clothing , Boston Mass, manufactured or later. Oehms Acme Hall , Baltimore, manufactured 's or later.

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Pacific Button Co , San Francisco operated from the 's to 20th century. Palanzuelos was a Cuban firm, Scovill supplied buttons to this firm in the 's.