The type of fossil found in a particular location tells us what kind of environment existed when the fossil was formed. For example, if you find fossil marine animals like brachiopods in the sandstone in your backyard, you know that there must have once been an ocean where your house now stands reference 1.

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Fossils also have practical and commercial applications. The oil used in our energy and plastics industries tends to collect in specific types of rock layers. Because fossils can be used to understand the age of different rock layers as described above, studying the fossils that surface when digging oil wells can help workers locate oil and gas reserves reference 2.

Perhaps one of the most important functions of fossils from a scientific perspective is that they constitute one line of evidence for understanding evolution. Fossilization is a relatively rare process.

Most organisms are not preserved in the fossil record. Many exceptional deposits of fossils nevertheless provide a surprisingly detailed glimpse into the past and allow scientists to piece together a more complete picture of the history of life on Earth resource 2. Retrieved 30 May The New York Times. Journal of Theoretical Biology. Miller; Scott Spoolman Retrieved 6 May Retrieved July 26, Entering the sixth mass extinction".

Moreover, we have unleashed a mass extinction event, the sixth in roughly million years, wherein many current life forms could be annihilated or at least committed to extinction by the end of this century. Leakey, Richard , The Sixth Extinction: Smithsonian Books, Washington, DC. Niles Eldredge, Time Frames: Guns, Germs, and Steel.

URL accessed January 26 Archived February 16, , at the Wayback Machine. Archived from the original PDF on A Dictionary of Genetics 8th ed. Transition from the Paleozoic to the Mesozoic Brachiopod Fauna". Conservation of Wildlife Populations: Demography, Genetics and Management. Archived from the original on January 13, Retrieved September 20, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. Introduced species, in turn, are seen as competing with or preying on native species or destroying their habitat. In other words, greater genetic diversity can offer greater resilience.

The End of the Line: How overfishing is changing the world and what we eat. Science , Vol , Issue , —, 10 September The sixth mass coextinction: Retrieved April 20, Whitfield; Scott, David E. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: When Life Nearly Died: Wilson wants to know why you're not protesting in the streets " ". Interviewed by Lisa Hymas. Retrieved January 16, Wilson repeats his estimation in Retrieved 15 December The overarching driver of species extinction is human population growth and increasing per capita consumption.

Retrieved January 3, Retrieved July 23, Scientific American Blog Network. Endangerment, Biodiversity and Culture. The Biography of Robert Hooke, — By Thomas Molyneux, M.

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Georges Cuvier, fossil bones, and geological catastrophes: University of Chicago Press. The age of Lamarck: University of California Press. Cormack Gates; Curtis H. Retrieved 6 November Extinction Archived at the Wayback Machine.. Bioscience at University of Arizona. Retrieved July 30, Environmental Health Criteria Can it save the orangutans? Retrieved January 26, The Causes and Consequences of the Disappearance of Species. Random House, New York. Better Never to Have Been: The Harm of Coming into Existence. It is noteworthy that human concern about human extinction takes a different form from human concern where there is any about the extinction of non-human species.

Most humans who are concerned about the extinction of non-human species are not concerned about the individual animals whose lives are cut short in the passage to extinction, even though that is one of the best reasons to be concerned about extinction at least in its killing form. The popular concern about animal extinction is usually concern for humans—that we shall live in a world impoverished by the loss of one aspect of faunal diversity, that we shall no longer be able to behold or use that species of animal.

In other words, none of the typical concerns about human extinction are applied to non-human species extinction. Archived from the original on The Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Retrieved 17 February Background extinction rate Coextinction De-extinction Ecological extinction Extinct in the wild Functional extinction Genetic pollution Lazarus taxon Local extinction Pseudoextinction. Genetic erosion Habitat destruction Human overpopulation Muller's ratchet Mutational meltdown Overexploitation Paradox of enrichment.

Extinction debt Extinction risk from global warming Extinction threshold Field of Bullets Hypothetical species Latent extinction risk. Decline in amphibian populations Human extinction. Future of the Earth Ultimate fate of the universe. Extinction risk from global warming Runaway climate change Global terrestrial stilling Ice age Ecocide Human impact on the environment Ozone depletion Cascade effect. Overexploitation Overpopulation Human overpopulation.

Extinction event Human extinction Genetic erosion Genetic pollution. Dysgenics Pandemic Biological agent Transhumanism. Alien invasion Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction List of apocalyptic films Disaster films List of disaster films List of fictional doomsday devices Zombie apocalypse. Zoos, aquariums and aviaries. Biodiversity Endangered species Ex situ conservation In situ conservation reintroduction Conservation biology.

Aquariums Conservation topics Dolphinariums Zoos Zoo associations. Assarting Deforestation Deforestation and climate change Deforestation by region Deforestation during the Roman period Illegal logging Mountaintop removal Slash-and-burn Slash-and-char. Aridification Desertification Moisture recycling Soil retrogression and degradation Water scarcity. Causes of death by rate Expressions related to death Natural disasters People by cause of death Premature obituaries Preventable causes of death Notable deaths by year Unusual deaths TV actors who died during production.

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Category Portal WikiProject Outline. Environment portal Extinct and endangered species portal Ecology portal. Retrieved from " https: Biota by conservation status International Union for Conservation of Nature Evolutionary biology Extinction Environmental conservation. Uses authors parameter CS1: Julian—Gregorian uncertainty Articles with short description All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from May Commons category link is on Wikidata Articles with inconsistent citation formats.

The branch of paleontology that studies microfossils. Biogeography Extinction event Geochronology Geologic time scale Geologic record History of life Origin of life Timeline of evolution Transitional fossil. Evolution of various taxa. Introduction to evolution Common descent Phylogeny Cladistics Biological classification. History of paleontology Timeline of paleontology. Retrieved 4 March Archived from the original on 10 February Retrieved 2 March Retrieved 1 March Retrieved 20 August Calcareous nannoplankton of the Upper Cretaceous Campanian and Maastrichtian of the southern and eastern Russian Platform.

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